Polish historian, writer, publicist, sovietologist, professor of humanities, academic teacher at the Jagiellonian University, full professor at the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences, head of the Department of History of Eastern Europe at the Institute of History of the Jagiellonian University, in the years 1991-2012 editor-in-chief of the journal "Arcana", author of The History of Poland. Since 2016, a member of the College of the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN). Knight of the Order of the White Eagle.
