History

Today, Poland is a key country on NATO’s eastern flank, a defender of the EU’s eastern borders and a haven for hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians who have fled Russian aggression.

On August 14, 1982, in the prison in Kwidzyn, the militia and prison guards carried out a brutal pacification of the internment camp for "Solidarity" activists. As a result, over 80 internees were beaten, almost half of them suffered serious injuries.

He was supposed to be a military man, but the uniform was not his calling. He discovered and introduced to the world some 60 unknown species of flora and fauna. Georgians owe him a unique national park and remember that he was responsible for the creation of what was then Russia's first nature reserve. In Poland, however, Ludwik Młokosiewicz remains completely unknown.

August 16 marks the 119th anniversary of the birth of Marian Rejewski, an outstanding Polish cryptologist from Bydgoszcz. Within a few weeks, Rejewski had single-handedly achieved what cryptologists from France and England had been unable to do for many years.

The Ładoś Group, which illegally issued Latin American passports to Jews in German-occupied Europe, was the Polish Noah's Ark, saving them from extermination – said Roger Moorhouse, a British historian, author of the book "The Forgers".

We now move to the 20th century and examine the efforts of Roman Dmowski and Marshall Jozef Pilsudski as they attempt to establish an independent Poland while maintaining pragmatic relations with Russia.

The Polish American Congress (PAC, Kongres Polonii Amerykańskiej, KPA) was the largest Polish organization in the world. It was founded in June 1944 in Buffalo, New York. Over 2,500 Polish activists and Polish priests from 26 states participated in the founding meeting.

Melchior Wańkowicz - a writer called the father of Polish reportage - is a figure with a biography as rich and full of twists and turns as the 20th century in which he lived. Thanks to his reportages, the Battle of Monte Cassino shaped the identity and imagination of Poles, and the diversity of his activities meant that he was always close to ordinary people.

Although the waters of Poland's fourth-largest river have marked borders for centuries, it is believed that the Bug River unites Poland, Ukraine and Belarus into one cultural whole, rather than dividing them. It is one of the few major European rivers that is not regulated, and its green banks are a mile-long nature reserve and wildlife sanctuary.

In this scholarly work, "Poland and Russia: The Neighborhood of Freedom and Despotism in the X-XXI Centuries," Professor Andrzej Nowak reviews the history of Poland through the lens of its relations with Russia and presents the ideological beliefs Russia employed throughout its history to achieve its foreign policy objectives through interactions with Poland and the region’s Central and Eastern European states.

Built in relation to the numbers in the calendar, it had 365 windows, 52 chambers, 12 great halls and 4 towers. Its ballroom had a glass ceiling with an aquarium and the horses in the stables ate from marble troughs. Although its construction consumed unimaginable amounts of materials and funds, it remained in full bloom and splendor for only 11 years before it was destroyed by the Swedes. Today it is the most beautiful ruin in Poland.